During seed development, what happens as the seed absorbs water?

As the seed absorbs water, a process known as imbibition occurs, which is critical for seed germination. This hydration initiates metabolic processes within the seed that lead to growth. The absorbed water triggers enzyme activity and activates the stored nutrients within the seed, which are essential for the development of the embryonic plant.

During this phase, the seed begins to swell and may break through the seed coat as it expands, eventually leading to the emergence of the new plant. This growth is a transformation from a dormant state to an active one, as the seed begins to use the resources stored within it to fuel the development of roots, stems, and leaves. The energy provided by the reserved nutrients allows the seedling to grow until it is capable of photosynthesis and can establish itself as an independent plant.