How does asexual reproduction affect biodiversity?

Asexual reproduction is characterized by the production of offspring without the fusion of gametes, resulting in clones of the parent organism. This reproductive strategy tends to produce genetically identical individuals, leading to a population with low genetic diversity. Such uniformity can significantly reduce the adaptability of a population to changing environmental conditions, making it more susceptible to diseases, pests, or shifts in climate.

When all individuals in a population are genetically similar, they may share the same vulnerabilities, which can be detrimental when facing new challenges. Variability within a species typically contributes to resilience—different genetic traits may lead to differences in survival and reproductive success when conditions change. Therefore, asexual reproduction, by promoting genetic uniformity, reduces biodiversity and can limit the evolutionary potential of a species over time.

In contrast, sexual reproduction tends to increase biodiversity by combining genetic material from two parents, leading to offspring with varied traits. This variation is crucial for adaptation and survival in dynamic environments.