What are the primary functions of the root system in plants?

The root system of plants serves several crucial functions, with anchoring the plant being one of the primary roles. Roots penetrate and spread through the soil, providing stability and support to the plant as it grows. This anchorage is vital, especially for taller plants or those exposed to elements like wind and water flow, helping them resist toppling. In addition to anchoring, roots also play a part in nutrient and water absorption from the soil, which is essential for overall plant health and growth.

The other choices highlight important aspects of plant biology but do not pertain to the primary functions of the root system. Producing flowers is a function specifically associated with reproductive structures, while generating energy through photosynthesis is a role of leaves and other green parts of the plant. Protecting the plant from herbivores may involve features of the plant above ground, such as thorns or chemical defenses, rather than functions of the root system itself.