What characterizes the stomatal behavior of plants using full CAM?

Plants using crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) have a unique adaptation to conserve water in arid environments. In CAM plants, stomata, which are small openings on the leaf surface, remain closed during the day to minimize water loss through transpiration. Instead, they open at night when the temperatures are cooler and humidity is typically higher. During this nighttime phase, the plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and convert it into a malate form for storage. When day breaks, these plants switch to photosynthesis using the stored CO2 while keeping their stomata closed, thereby minimizing water loss. This adaptation allows them to thrive in conditions where water is scarce, making nighttime gas exchange critical for their survival.