What effect can invasive plant species have on native ecosystems?

Invasive plant species can significantly disrupt native ecosystems primarily by outcompeting native species and altering food webs. When invasive plants are introduced to a new environment, they often possess traits that allow them to thrive, such as rapid growth and aggressive reproductive strategies. This competitive advantage can lead them to dominate resources, such as light, nutrients, and water, over native plants. As a result, native species may be pushed out of their habitats, reducing biodiversity.

The alteration of food webs occurs as native herbivores may not recognize invasive plants as food sources, leading to changes in their feeding habits and population dynamics. Additionally, changes in plant composition can influence other trophic levels, such as the species that rely on native plants for shelter, food, or nesting materials. Consequently, the introduction of invasive species can create a cascading effect, destabilizing the ecosystem and altering ecological interactions among various organisms.