What role do secondary metabolites serve in plants?

Secondary metabolites in plants play crucial ecological roles, particularly in defense mechanisms. These compounds are not directly involved in fundamental processes like cellular respiration or photosynthesis; rather, they offer benefits that enhance the plant's ability to survive in its environment. For instance, many secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, terpenes, and phenolics, can deter herbivores by making the plant taste bad or even toxic. This deterring effect helps protect the plant from being eaten, allowing it to thrive and reproduce.

Additionally, some secondary metabolites can attract pollinators or beneficial insects, enhancing reproductive success through interactions with other species. Overall, the primary role of secondary metabolites is to support the plant's ecological functions, helping it to adapt and respond to various biotic and abiotic challenges in its environment.