Where do light-dependent reactions occur during photosynthesis?

The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. These reactions specifically involve the capture of light energy, which is then converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. The thylakoid membranes contain chlorophyll and other pigments that absorb light energy, prompting a series of electron transport processes that ultimately produce energy-rich compounds essential for the subsequent light-independent reactions, or Calvin cycle.

The separation of these reactions into specific cellular locations allows for an efficient organization of processes within the plant cell. The thylakoids form stacks known as grana, which increase the surface area available for light absorption, maximizing energy conversion during the photosynthesis process. This compartmentalization is crucial for the overall efficiency of photosynthesis in plants.