Which statement is true about palisade mesophyll cells?

Palisade mesophyll cells play a critical role in the process of photosynthesis, which is why the statement that they are associated with photosynthesis is correct. These cells are located just beneath the upper epidermis of the leaf and are filled with chloroplasts, the organelles responsible for capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. Their elongated shape and arrangement allow for maximum light absorption, making them particularly effective in facilitating this process.

The other statements do not hold true within the context of plant biology. While palisade mesophyll cells are indeed found primarily in dicots and are less pronounced in monocots, their presence in both types of plants is limited and generally less developed in monocots. They are not located only on the lower leaf surface; in fact, they are typically found on the upper surface of leaves to optimize light exposure. Additionally, palisade mesophyll cells do contain chloroplasts, which are essential for their function in photosynthesis.